4 Ways to Master English Vocabulary

The best way to learn English vocabulary is by topics with explanations of meaning, examples of usage and subsequent exercises. It is possible to practice English vocabulary through exercises in listening comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing. Learners of English should have lists of difficult word meanings and of phrases (expressions) on every topic with usage sentences. They must read those ready-made vocabulary usage sentences many times if needed. Longman Language Activator Dictionary (unique English Idea Production Dictionary) covers this issue thoroughly. It is essential that learners also make up their own sentences with that vocabulary, taking into consideration real life situations.Students of English can learn a lot of vocabulary on every topic from thematic English dictionaries. Good thematic English dictionaries provide clear word usage explanations and also a few usage sentences for each word meaning, which is especially important. It is essential that students of English also make up their own sentences with difficult vocabulary. They should think about the real life situations where and when that vocabulary can be used.Do ready-made exercises from textbooks in vocabulary practice. Exercises in vocabulary pra ctice can include dialogues, narrations (telling stories), thematic texts, questions and answers in various situations, discussions, talking points, and expressing opinions and views on real life topics and issues.Learners can also master new English vocabulary by reading thematic texts (materials) on everyday topics with important content, for example, Practical Tips and Advice to Make Everyday Life Easier and Better (practical solutions for everyday problems). Such self-help books on settling everyday matters are available at bookstores. Learners must write down unknown vocabulary in whole sentences. It is essential that they practice speaking the content of the texts that they have read. As people say, practice makes perfect. Thematic General English Dictionaries Longman Language Activator (Unique idea production English dictionary, very valuable for solid vocabulary acquisition). There is also Longman Pocket Activator Dictionary. Longman English dictionaries are the most authoritative.Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English.The Oxford-Duden Pictorial English Dictionary (by J. Pheby, 1995, 816 pages).Oxford Learners Wordfinder Dictionary.Word Menu (dictionary by Stephen Glazier, Random House, USA, over 75,000 words arranged by subject matter).Cambridge Word Selector/Routes.NTCs Dictionary of Everyday American English Expressions (over 7,000 phrases arranged by topics).

My Personal Feelings of Self Worth Essay - 579 Words

People’s self-esteem either high or low is shaped by their life experiences. I believe a person’s self-esteem begins to take shape at an early age, with their parents being a major influence. Kind, positive, knowledgeable and caring parents help children create a positive self-image. Parents who do not feel good about themselves or others, sometimes take it out on their childern by belittling them or discouraging them. This leads the child down a path of self-doubt and eventually given the right circumstances a lower self-esteem. My parents where very overprotective which sounds good on the surface, but this caused me to feel unequal to my peers since my parents would not let me play sports or even go on a field trip one time because†¦show more content†¦If that was not enough to deal with, I also have red hair and freckles so I was constantly teased about my appearance. All this contributed to my own lack of self-confidence and a feeling that I was not as good as my peers. These are some experiences that have shaped my self-esteem. I do not portend to make excuses for myself; I only want to illustrate that you can let these experiences either motivate you or de-motivate you, the choice is always yours. I let these life experiences de-motivate until I came to the realization that you should not let others determine your fate or what you can achieve. Years ago I read a passage in a book by: â€Å"Louise L. Hay† she said; every morning you can get up and look in the mirror and decide what kind of day you are going to have.† The beauty of it is, you can get up the following morning and decide all over again. This is a powerful statement, letting us know we have the power to control our feelings and shape our outlook on life. If you are telling yourself positive things, it will help you build a positive self-esteem. 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Music Appreciation Test 2 Study Guide Example For Students

Music Appreciation Test 2 Study Guide The word baroque has at various times meant all of the following except naturalistic Modern historians use the term baroque to indicate a particular style in the arts All of the following were baroque painters except Isaac Newton Baroque painters exploited their materials to expand the potential of ____ to create totally structured worlds. All answers are correct: color, ornament and detail, depth Baroque style flourished in music during the period 1600-1750 The baroque, as a stylistic period in western art music, encompassed the years 1600-1750 The two giants of baroque composition were George Frideric Handel and Johann Sebastian Bach All of the following were major baroque composers except Wolfgang A. Mozart Which of the following statements is not true? A. Baroque art is a complex mixture of rationalism, sensuality, materialism and spirituality. B. The late baroque period was one of the most revolutionary periods in music history. C. Early baroque composers favored homophonic texture over the polyphonic texture typical of Renaissance music. D. Regardless of form, baroque music features contrasts between bodies of sound. B. The late baroque period was one of the most revolutionary periods in music history. One of the most revolutionary periods in music history was the early baroque The early baroque was characterized by homophonic texture The early baroque period spanned the years 1600-1640 Monteverdi, an early baroque composer, strove to create music that was passionate and dramatic The early and late baroque periods differed in that composers in the early baroque favored homophonic texture The middle baroque was characterized by a diffusion of the style into every corner of Europe The middle baroque period spanned the years 1640-1690 Composers in the middle baroque phase favored writing compositions for instruments of the ________ family. violin By about _______, major or minor scales were the tonal basis of most compositions. 1680 Instrumental music became as important as vocal music for the first time in the ________ period. late baroque The late baroque period spanned the years 1690-1750 Affections in baroque usage refers to emotional states or moods of music A baroque musical composition usually expresses _________ within the same movement. one basic mood The baroque principle of _______ may be temporarily suspended in vocal music when drastic changes of emotion in a text inspires corresponding changes in the music. unity of mood The compelling drive and energy in baroque music are usually provided by repeated rhythmic patterns Baroque melodies often are elaborate and ornamental Baroque melodies give the impression of dynamic expansion Melodic sequence refers to the successive repetition of a musical idea at higher or lower pitches A characteristic often found in baroque melodies is a short opening phrase followed by a longer phrase with an unbroken flow of rapid notes Terraced dynamics refers to the sudden alteration from one dynamic level to another In the baroque era, dynamics consisted mainly of sudden alterations between loud and soft called terraced dynamics The main keyboard instruments of the baroque period were the organ and the harpsichord A popular keyboard instrument in which sound was produced by means of brass blades striking the strings was the clavichord The most characteristic feature of baroque music is its use of basso continuo A bass part together with numbers (figures) that specify the chords to be played above it is called basso continuo The orchestra evolved during the baroque period into a performing group based on instruments of the ________ family. violin The word movement in music normally refers to a piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition Which of the following statements is not true? A. A large courrt during the baroque period might employ more than 80 performers, including the finest opera singers of the day. B. Audiences in the baroque period were most anxious to hear old familiar favorites, and did not care for new music. C. In Italy, music schools were often connected with orphanages. D. Church musicians in the baroque period earned lower pay and had less status than court musicians. B. Audiences in the baroque period were most anxious to hear old familiar favorites, and did not care for new music. A large court during the baroque period might employ about ________ performers. 80 The music director of a baroque court was usually not responsible for publicity in reaching an audience Frederick the Great, king of Prussia, was a All answers are correct: flutist, general, composer The position of the composer during the baroque period was that of a high-class servant with few personal rights In the baroque period, the ordinary citizens opportunities for hearing music usually came from the church In Italy, music schools were often connected with orphanages To get a job, a musician had to pass a difficult examination A concerto grosso most often has ______ movement(s). three The large group of players in a concerto grosso is known as the tutti The concerto grosso most often has three movements whose tempo markings are fast, slow, fast The first and last movements of the concerto grosso are often in _____ form. ritornello Which of the following statements are not true? A. A concerto grosso normally involves two to four soloists, and anywhere from eight to twenty or more musicians for the tutti. B. A concerto grosso persents a contrast of texture between the tutti and the soloists, who assert their individuality and appeal for attention through brilliant and fanciful melodic lines. C. A concerto grosso normally involves a large group of soloists accompanied by an equal number of supporting players. D. The first and last movements of a concerto grossi are often in ritornello form, a form that features the alteration between tutti and solo selections. C. A concerto grosso normally involves a large group of soloists accompanied by an equal number of supporting players. The solo instruments in Bachs Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 are the _______, violin and harpsichord. flute Bachs Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 is unusual in that it gives a solo role to the harpsichord A musical ornament consisting of the rapid alteration of two tones that are a whole of half step apart is a trill A polyphonic composition based on one main theme is the fugue The main theme of a fugue is called the subject When the subject of a fugue is presented in the dominant scale, it is called the answer In many figures, the subject in one voice is constantly accompanied in another voice by a different melodic idea called a(n) countersubject Transitional sections of a fugue that offer either new material or fragments of the subject or countersubject are called episodes ________ is a musical procedure in which a fugue subject is imitated before it is completed. stretto A _______ is a single tone, usually in the bass, that is held while the other voices produce a series of changing harmonies against it. pedal point Turning the subject of a fugue upside down, or reversing the direction of each interval, is called inversion Presenting the subject of a fugue from right to left, or beginning with the last and proceeding backward to the first note, is called retrograde Presenting the subject of a fugue in lengthened time values is called augmentation Presenting the subject of a fugue in shortened time values is called diminution Very often an independent fugue is introduced by a short piece called a(n) prelude An _________ is a play, set to music, sung to orchestral accompaniment, with scenery, costumes and action. opera The text, or book, of a musical dramatic work is called the libretto Which of the following statements is not true? A. The terms ensemble and chorus are synonymous. B. Voice categories in opera are divided more finely than in other musical genres. C. Operas may contain spoken dialogue, but most are sung entirely. D. Opera soloists must create a wide variety of characters, and so need acting skills as well as vocal artistry. A. The terms ensemble and chorus are synonymous. A song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment is called a/an aria ________ refers to a vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech. recitative A _________ is a singer with a low range who usually takes comic roles. basso buffo A _________ is a singer with a very low range and powerful voice, who usually takes roles calling for great dignity. basso profundo A(n) _________ is a musical number for two solo voices with orchestral accompaniment. duet A(n) ___________ is an operatic number involving three or more leading singers. ensemble The ____________ is the person who beats time, indicates expression, cues in musicians, and controls the balance among instruments and voices. conductor An ____________ is an orchestral composition performed before the curtain rises on a dramatic work. overture Members of the Camerata wanted to create a new vocal style based on the music of the ancient Greek tragedies The members of the Camerata wanted the vocal line of their music to follow the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech Most early baroque operas were based on Greek mythology and ancient history Which of the following statements are not true? A. Most early baroque operas were based on Greek mythology and ancient history. B. The members of the Florentine Camerata based their theories on actual dramatic music that had come down to them from the Greeks. C. The members of the Florentine Camerata wanted to create a new vocal style modeled on the music of ancient Greek tragedy. D. Polyphonic was rejected by the members of the Florentine Camerata because different words sounding simultaneously would obscure the text. B. The members of the Florentine Camerata based their theories on actual dramatic music that had come down to them from the Greeks. The first opera house in Europe to offer entry to anyone with the price of admission opened in 1637 in Venice The earliest opera that has been preserved is Jacopo Peris Euridice The stage machinery of baroque opera bordered on the colossal

Why is the study of dance history important free essay sample

To fully understand the history of dance we must look at what dance means to us today in our every day lives. How does dance influence what you do on a day to day basis, how has it shaped who you’ve come to be. I see dance today as both an art form, and something used socially to draw people together usually for celebratory purposes. Living in New York gives you the opportunity to come across various forms of dance. You could be taking the train and encounter break dancers giving you a performance, expressing themselves in order to survive. You could go to virtually any park in the city and encounter spontaneous dance shows of people showcasing their talents to the public. You also run into many informal versions of dance that still allow people a form of expression indoors, whether its at a party, a club, a theater, school, at home. All these versions of dance we encounter everyday and they shape our everyday lives. We as a society rely on dance as a form of entertainment, making a living, gathering socially, self expression, celebration, even can be used as a form of argument or protest. For some dance plays some of these larger roles and for some the latter, yet I can with confidence say dance plays a role in everyone’s lifetime, and therefore we should find importance in its study. This is why I think the study of dance history is important. Studying how dance has become such a vital part to our everyday lives, finding when and where its made the biggest social and political impacts. How each and every culture we encounter encounters dance in their lives as well. Dance seems to me to be a universal experience for everyone; it may not be any one form of dance, but dance itself that can bring us together. It also helps us understand what influences are in our forms of more modern dance, did these moves just appear or have they adapted from other historical forms of danced and have helped evolve into a new form of dance. Do modern day dances pull influences from past cultural dances. One form of dance that really grew fast, that is performed both professionally, and in our own homes, that truly can be seen as a realistic form of expression is hip-hop. Hip-hop and its influence on our ideas of personal identity Hip-hop has helped form ideas about race and class, in a time period that was also politically reforming these ideas. Hip-hop originated in New York in the 1960’s and 70’s in New York, more specifically in areas of financial squalor, and mainly originated form African American people. It could be seen as way for people to express themselves. Hip-hop wasn’t formed racially specific though, in a sense anyone who could do the dance would it wasn’t a way to show that one race was better than another. It was just a form of dance that became popularized because it didn’t require any formal training to be good at it, you could perform virtually anywhere and everywhere and it would still be considered a form of art, your audience didn’t have to be in a theater. This shows that any class of people whether you had money or not could be good at this. Hip-hop was a dance for everyone not one specific group or race or class, it was basically for anyone who was good at dancing to show people just how good they were. Another aspect of hip hop that was culturally different in the identity of people was that it had no set moves or restrictions. It was mainly freestyle, with influences form many other dances, and often used as a form of competition. Hip-hop really gained ground and popularity in the 80’s and 90’s. The reason that hip-hop became more of a universal dance, one that didn’t have to be seen as racially specific, is because in a sense it was a nonviolent way to bring on a new cultural beginning where equality was beginning to take place, society had to recognize that things would be different, Hip-hop grew because of its diversity, it included influence from all forms of dance, whether it was from Latin forms such as salsa or even more popularized dance from white culture such as ballet, it brought together all forms of dance into one. It helped a generation of young poor people a way to express what they were going through and to fight against it in an artistic expression. It was a more harsh aggressive form of dance, that helped bring on and shape a new era. With it it brought a new sense of American culture, influencing many one the way they act, dress, and communicate in social settings. It formed many peoples identities by giving them something they could identify with. Something that could culturally bring people together. Diedre Sklar,wrote an article in the DCA (Dance Critics Association) news, titled â€Å"Five Premises for a Culturally Sensitive Approach to Dance†. The very first premise, is the one I can connect most to hip-hop. â€Å"Movement knowledge is a kind of cultural knowledge,† hip-op movement is a cultural knowledge of the time period. A dance that shows the progression of broken down barriers and the submergence of the celebration of diversity. â€Å"All movement must be considers as an embodiment of cultural knowledge, a kinesthetic equivalent, that is not quite equivalent, to using the local language. Movement is an essential aspect of culture that has been undervalued and under examined and even trivialized. † We can consider hip-hop â€Å"an embodiment of cultural knowledge† because of when, where and how it emerged and became popularized. Hip-hops emergence out of less fortunate African American communities in the Bronx and Brooklyn just after a time period where there was much more racial segregation a time where you could not always verbally express yourself and speak out. It was a way of showing that even though you haven’t had the best opportunities or you cant reach people on a larger level verbally you could hit them at the heart of the streets through your movement. A movement that ties all influences of other dances together, in turn bringing different cultures other than African Americans into the popularization of hip-hop. It was a way to show how American culture itself was beginning to change, beginning to accept others, although I cannot say we are fully there, hip-hop has definitely has had a great influence on this change though. This leads me too believe that hip-hop can be seen as a culturally significant dance in the west. Although seemingly very different than some traditional dances, that have a set movement, and set steps, as well as dances that have some religious purpose, hip-hop in its own way creates a sort of tradition and influence on society like these dances do to their specific groups. Upon reading the article â€Å"An Anthropologist looks at ballet as a form of ethnic dance† by Joann Kealiinohomoku, I found myself applying this to the idea of hip-hop as an ethnic dance. In this article she argues that by current definitions of ethnic dance, and current definitions of dance ballet should be considered an ethnic dance not something seen universally. We are given a definition of ethnic â€Å"a group which holds in common genetic, linguistic, and cultural ties with special emphasis of cultural tradition. † Applied to dance this can be given to describe any number of forms of dances across the world whether it be hip-hop, salsa, or even line dancing. Hip-hop’s special emphasis is American cultural tradition, born out of a new age and out of poverty it brings together that generation of people and still continues to tie together this generation, often young adults. It is a form of western expression and creativity, although you wouldn’t conventionally consider it an ethnic dance; because it isn’t to speak to the gods or some part of religious ceremony; but by our definitions we have come to recognize it is indeed an ethnic dance. Kealiinohomoku states â€Å"every group has had its own unique history and has been subject to both internal and external modifications. The internal modifications of hip-hop could depend on new moves, new people, the area in the country at which it is being performed, the music being danced too. Some of the external modifications can be society, the media, and how the dance itself is being viewed by the world. Hip-hop is still alive and thriving today, but it does not necessarily follow the same movements form which it first originated. Hip-hop music in the 1970’s and 80’s certainly doesn’t match the modern day music we currently attribute to hip-hop although there are similarities in beat and subject matter. Hip-hop though is still popularized as a form of freestyle dance competition where merit is based on spontaneity and talent, rather than following a set choreographed list of movement. It allows for the culture to have more of an artistic expression in dance to form identities of yourself through your movement, rather than just the story or emotion tied to the movement. Dance in the entertainment industry used to be a predominately white industry, with virtually no African American influence. There were very few if any popularized African American dancers among the North American society. One of those few was Juba, he had mastered the art form of African American step/tap dancing and drew many of his influences form dances slaves passed from generation to generation. He was one of the â€Å"blackface minstrels† that would perform with white minstrels in shows and were to be considered exotic forms of dance (Winter). This type and many other types of dances that originated out of this era have a great influence on hip-hop. Before this time it was rare to see such performances by African Americans, but during this era there was such a movement at the heart of the streets that it became popularized by all ethnicities. The different step dances, tribal dances, street dances, and even ballet can be seen in te movements of hip-hop dancers, drawing their inspiration from all types of dances in American culture and centralizing it collectively into one singular form of dance known as hip-hop. The fact that Hip-hop is still continuing to be popularized today shows how universally strong it has influenced the culture of American society and has in turn become America’s form of ethnic dance. This in turn, is essentially why it is important to study the history of dance in order to understand where and how we came from the past to where we are today and how it influenced our current cultural experiences with dance. Some of the same moves we currently use today are influenced by the moves of past generations.

Organisational Sustainability

Introduction The past two decades have been characterised by an unprecedented rate of globalisation, technological developments, and competition, which have led to a remarkable revolution within and across organisations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the changes arising from the macro environment, businesses have to maximise their level of profitability. This assertion highlights the need for organisations to develop sustainability, which entails balancing environmental, social, and economic factors that might affect an organisation’s long-term performance. Devinney (2009) emphasises that sustainability has become one of the most important management agendas in organisations’ operations. However, one of the major challenges faced by organisations in their quest to achieve sustainability relates to climate change. The aspect of climate change is quickly becoming an integral part of business operations, especially in the wake of global warming. Governments are increasing pressure on organisations to control their greenhouse gases emissions (GHG). For example, Russia ratified the Kyoto treaty in 2004 (Hoffman 2005). In a bid to eliminate intervention from the government and other regulatory agencies, it is imperative for organisations to formulate effective climate change strategies. Orlitzky et al. (2003) suggest that the long-term performance of business is influenced by the strategies set on market and nonmarket environments.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper evaluates two main aspects, viz. the role of HR in enhancing organisational sustainability in a large supermarket chain and an evaluation of climate change strategy in Toll Holdings. Sustainability and human resource management A str ong relationship exists between organisational sustainability and the stakeholder theory. In the course of their operation, businesses have a responsibility to satisfy the interest of various internal and external stakeholders such as employees, shareholders, customers, the public, and the regulatory agencies. In a bid to achieve organisational sustainability, it is imperative for businesses to ensure that the needs of external shareholders are met satisfactorily. Human resource management can aid an organisation in achieving organisational sustainability in a number of ways as evaluated herein. First, an organisation can utilise its HRM tools, skills, and knowledge to entrench organisational strategy through partnering, engaging, and aligning. Businesses influence the society in which they operate in either a positive or a negative manner. Porter and Kramer (2011) are of the opinion that an organisation has to create a set of effective share values between the society and the firm in order to enhance organisational performance. In the quest to enhance their long-term success, it is imperative for firms to collaborate with the society, which can be achieved by formulating a comprehensive Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Cohen (2010) asserts, â€Å"The Human Resource (HR) function is the key partner in embedding corporate social responsibility and sustainability initiative in any organisation† (p.34).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As one of the leading supermarket chains in the world, Wal-Mart is committed towards achieving organisational sustainability by enhancing its CSR. One of the areas that the firm has focused on relates to environmental pollution. The firm has formulated a policy that will result in reduction in the volume of plastic shopping bag wastes in all its outlets. The firm intends to achieve this goal by incorporating reusable bags. Consequently, the firm will minimise environmental pollution. Moreover, the firm ensures that it does not engage in activities that can result in overexploitation of natural resources, which is a critical element in positioning a firm as a socially sustainable company (Dyllick Hockerts 2002). In addition to environmental sustainability, Wal-Mart and Sam’s Club are committed towards providing customers with high-quality products. In a bid to achieve this goal, the firms ensure that their employees understand the organisations’ vision and mission. Moreover, the firms are very concerned about understanding the employees’ interests. Thus, the firms’ HR managers are in a position to collaborate with the employees. Developing a high level of engagement with external and internal stakeholders is another strategy that HR managers can adopt in their quest to embed sustainability. Wal-Mart has integrated a number of engagement policies with various external stakeholders such as the Live Greener Working Group [LGWG] and environmentalists.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This collaboration assists the firm in understanding various issues such as poverty and resource degradation; hence, improving the effectiveness with which it undertakes managerial functions such as planning, organising, staffing, control, and directing. The well-being of an organisation’s human capital is a key determinant in achieving organisational sustainability (Pfeffer 2010). Littig and Griessler (2005) posit that HRM can enhance organisational sustainability by enhancing its ability to develop a strong workforce. Thus, effective employee selection strategy is vital. Some of the elements that should be considered in the selection process include teamwork and collaboration skills. Moreover, it is fundamental for the HR manager to select employees who are characterised by a high degree of fit with the organisation. Employee training and development is another major contribution of HRM in enhancing organisational sustainability. Training employees contribute towards the de velopment of a high degree of understanding and commitment of an organisation’s sustainability goals and values amongst the employees. This aspect increases the degree of employee commitment and alignment towards the set organisational values hence improving organisational performance, as the employees have adequate understanding of their job roles. In 2010, Wal-Mart formulated personal sustainability project through which it trained 1.3 million of its associates on sustainability. The training program has aided Wal-Mart in improving the associates’ morale and productivity. In a bid to improve the employees’ capability successfully, it is imperative for an organisation to ensure that the training process is continuous. Formulating and implementing a comprehensive employee training and development program can improve the degree of organisational identification. The training and development program improves the employees’ perception with regard to the contr ibution of the organisation in their career path. This aspect reduces the rate of employee turnover, hence increasing the likelihood of achieving economic sustainability. Pfeffer (2010) emphasises that job satisfaction minimises the rate of employee turnover. Therefore, the likelihood of the organisation developing a strong financial base increases. Providing adequate managerial support and communication is another way through which an organisation can enhance organisational sustainability. Nurturing an effective internal communication system is fundamental in enhancing development of sustainability behaviours amongst employees. This goal is achievable via ensuring that employees are adequately informed about various issues affecting the organisation by integrating company-wide internal communication campaigns. Frequent and effective communication between the top and the lower level of management assists employees in connecting with sustainability values. An effective internal commu nication system will not only ensure that employees understand their roles, but it will also improve information and knowledge sharing amongst employees. ASDA, which is a well-established retail chain in the UK, has developed an all-round internal communication system in its quest to sustain a high level of collaboration with its ‘colleagues’. Sustainable leadership strategy should also be incorporated in an organisation’s effort to connect its employees with the organisational vision and purpose. Moreover, it is also important for an organisation’s management team to ensure that the employees are concerned with agility, which can be achieved by preparing employees for any change that might emanate from the external environment. Climate change strategy; Toll Holdings Sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Toll Holdings Climate change is one of the major challenges faced in the modern society. Its occurrence has diverse impacts on individuals, businesses, a nd the society. Firms that ignore the element of climate change do so at their own peril. Consequently, it has become a key concern of various stakeholders, including businesses. Hoffman (2005) is of the opinion that organisations have a responsibility to ensure that their actions do not contribute to increment in the rate of climate change. Consequently, it is imperative for organisations to incorporate optimal climate change strategies. Businesses emit a substantial amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which stands out as one of the major factors contributing to climate change. This aspect explains the rationale behind the need for organisations to integrate strategies that will lead to reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Emission from vehicles and other modes of transport is one of the major sources of GHGs. Toll Holdings operates as a transport and logistics firm. The firm developed an efficient road, air, rail, and ocean network that aid it in offering effective l ogistic services across the world. By offering transportation services through this mechanism, the firm emits a substantial amount of GHG to the atmosphere. Therefore, one can assert that the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Toll Holdings are its fleet of airplanes, trucks, trains, and ships. Toll Holdings climate change strategy Hoffman (2005) asserts that an organisation can utilise various strategies in order to minimise its impact on climate change. Some of the strategies being adopted include trading in carbon credits and altering the firm’s operational processes. Toll Holdings is cognisant of its impact on climate change. Consequently, the firm has incorporated the concept of environmental sustainability. The Toll’s management team is committed towards reducing the firm’s impact on the environmental footprint. The firm has adopted a number of voluntary greenhouse gas-reduction strategies in this regard. The first strategy entails adjusting its operations into being cleaner and greener. The firm is in the process of incorporating new practices and technologies in its operational strategies, which will aid in reducing the volume of GHGs emitted. For example, the new technologies will let the firm shift from utilising non-renewable sources of energy such as petroleum-based fuels into using renewable energies such as electricity. The firm is in the process of evaluating how it can incorporate other viable types of green energy. Incorporating green forms of energy will aid the firm in transforming its operational strategy into more sustainable logistics (Toll Holdings 2013). In its quest to position itself as an environmentally sustainable organisation, the firm has adopted Smarter Green Program. The program aids the firm in responding to its negative impact on the environment. Moreover, the firm has incorporated a number of performance measurement initiatives in an effort to assess its progress with regard to greenhouse gas e missions. The firm’s smarter green initiative is comprised of six main aspects, which include smarter driving, smarter vehicles, smarter planning, smarter facilities, smarter fuel efficiency, and smarter energy (Toll Holdings 2013). Current and emerging climate change threats and opportunities Climate change is a major business issue that organisations have to integrate in their operations. It presents a set of risks and opportunities that entrepreneurs and firms’ management teams should take into account. One major threat that Toll faces due to climate change relates to the occurrence of floods across its distributional networks. Climate change is one of the major factors increasing the occurrences of floods. For example, global warming increases the likelihood of snow melting hence the rise in the volume of water in major waterways. Such an occurrence may affect major transport gateways, hence limiting the firm’s effectiveness in its distributional efficiency. As a result, the firm’s competitiveness may be affected (McKibben 2012). The occurrence of natural phenomena such as storms due to climate change presents a major threat to Toll Holdings, as the firm cannot be in a position to quantify the financial impact of possible damage. Consequently, the likelihood of the firm incorporating an effective risk management strategy such as mitigation and risk transfer, for example through insurance is reduced. Moreover, the firm cannot be in a comfortable position to avoid the risk. The firm’s degree of exposure to risks associated with climate change such as storms may adversely affect its attractiveness amongst investors. Consequently, the competitiveness of the firm in the international market might reduce. Moreover, the occurrence of a high rate of climate change in areas where the firm operates may lead to an increment in carbon tax levied against companies. Such a strategy may be adopted in an effort to push companies to minim ise their greenhouse gas emissions. Ultimately, the firm’s level of profitability might be affected (Hoffman, 2005). Despite the above threats, climate change can assist Toll Holdings achieve optimal long-term positioning. For example, the firm can adjust its operational processes in such a way that it aligns its operations to the prevailing needs (Kiron et al. 2012). This move will culminate in improvement in the company’s public image and reputation amongst investors, lenders, regulators, and insurers. Incorporating strategies such as green energy may aid the firm in attracting investors. Climate change also presents Toll with an opportunity to improve its risk management strategies. For example, the firm can insure itself against such occurrences (Hoffman 2005) Recommendations on Toll’s climate change strategy Toll Holdings should consider the most effective climate change-management strategies. Some of the strategies that the firm can integrate include Inco rporating a carbon footprint trading policy- The trading policy will assist Toll Holdings in improving its commitment to reduce the occurrence of climate change. Toll Holdings should adjust its operational processes by integrating various forms of renewable energy. Some of the forms of energy that the firm should include bio-fuel, nuclear energy, and electric power. Conclusion The paper shows that firms can integrate a number of aspects in order to achieve organisational sustainability. Some of these issues relate to improving the firm’s HRM strategies and integrating climate change strategies. In summary, firms should focus on three main facets of sustainability, which include environmental, economic, and social aspects. These aspects will stimulate the firm’s ability to achieve sustainable development. Reference List Cohen, E 2010, CSR for HR: A necessary partnership for advancing responsible business practices, Greenleaf, Sheffield. Devinney, T 2009, ‘Is the socially responsible corporation a myth? The good, the bad, and the ugly of corporate social responsibility’, Academy of Management Perspectives, vol. 23 no. 2, pp. 44-56. Dyllick, T Hockerts, K 2002, ‘Beyond the business case for corporate sustainability’, Business Strategy and the Environment, vol. 11 no.2, pp. 130-141. Hoffman, A 2005, ‘Climate change strategy: The business logic behind voluntary greenhouse gas reductions’, California Management Review, vol. 47 no.3, pp. 21-46. Kiron, D, Kruschwitz, N, Haanaes, K Von-Streng-Velken, I 2012, ‘Sustainability Nears a tipping point’, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 53 no. 2, pp.69-74. Littig, B Griessler, E 2005, ‘Social sustainability: A Catchword between political pragmatism and social theory’, International Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 8 no. 1, pp. 65-79. McKibben, B 2012, The Reckoning; rolling stone. Web. Pfeffer, J 2010, ‘Building sustainable organ isations: The human factor’, Academy of Management Perspectives, vol. 24 no.1, pp. 34-45. Porter, M Kramer, M 2011, ‘Creating shared value’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 89 no.2, pp. 62-77. Orlitzky, M, Schmidt, F Rynes, S 2003) ‘Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta- Analysis’, Organisation Studies, vol.24 no.3, pp.403-41. Toll Holdings: Corporate social responsibility 2013. Web. This essay on Organisational Sustainability was written and submitted by user Pedro Green to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Terrel Davis essays

Terrel Davis essays So who is Terrell Davis? If you don't know, get to know him. Read on.... Terrell Davis was born on October 28, 1972 in San Diego, California to Joe and Kateree Davis. This 5' 11" athlete has won two Super Bowls, rushed for over 7,000 yards in his career, has won Super Bowl and NFL MVP honors. Davis can do it all for the Broncos. He is a strong runningback and is very hard to stop. Terrell has also written a book about his life called, TD: Dreams In Motion. Terrell has 5 brothers, Terry, Bobby, James, Reggie, and Joe. Not only is Terrell one of the NFL's elite, but he is also very unselfish. In Super Bowl 33 against the Falcons, he stepped aside and enjoyed watching others like John Elway and Howard Griffith shine. As long as Terrell is in a Broncos uniform, the Denver Broncos have a chance of getting another title. Davis is not too far away from the Hall Of Fame. Hopefully he will play long enough to get there. Terrell currently resides in Aurora Colorado and is single. Terrell played college football for the University of Georgia Bulldogs. He didn't have a great college career. Therefore, it caused him to fall all the way down to the 6th round in the 1995 NFL draft. Needing a running game in Denver, Mike Shanahan picked Davis. Terrell didn't expect to make the starting roster. Without a doubt, Terrell's defining moment was Super Bowl 32. During the two weeks before the Super Bowl, everyone was talking about Green Bay, and their great defense. Terrell went out on the field and won the Super Bowl in his home town. He earned MVP honors for that game. The next season, he rushed for over 2,000 yards. The Broncos became Back 2 Back champs and TD was NFL MVP. During his free time, Terrell likes to sleep. Terrell is a kid at heart. He has some remote control cars that he plays with. He also likes to play video games. He likes listening to Tupac and lists The Shawshank Redemption as his favorite movie. Terrell says that Applebees i...

Should Children with Special Needs be mainstreamed into Regular Essay

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